Comparison Of Magnetic Moments Using An Oscillation Magnetometer

 

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

  

• Oscillation magnetometer 
• Two bar magnets   
• Retort stand and clamp   
• Stopwatch   
• Thread or string
 

 

THEORY:

 

The oscillation magnetometer measures the magnetic moment of a magnet based on the oscillation of the magnet in a magnetic field. The formula for calculating the magnetic moment (\( M \)) is given by \( M = \frac{4\pi^2I}{nB(T_1^2 - T_2^2)} \), where \( I \) is the moment of inertia, \( n \) is the number of oscillations per unit time, and \( B \) is the magnetic field strength.

 

PROCESS:

  

1. Suspend the first magnet from the retort stand using a thread, allowing it to oscillate freely. 
2. Measure the time period of oscillation (\( T_1 \)) using a stopwatch (e.g., \( T_1 = 12 \) seconds).   
3. Repeat the process for the second magnet (\( T_2 \)), measuring the time period (e.g., \( T_2 = 15 \) seconds).   
4. Calculate the magnetic moment (\( M \)) using the formula \( M = \frac{4\pi^2I}{nB(T_1^2 - T_2^2)} \).
 

 

OBSERVATIONS:

 

Time period of oscillation for Magnet 1 (\( T_1 \)): 12 seconds

 

Time period of oscillation for Magnet 2 (\( T_2 \)): 15 seconds

 

OBSERVATION TABLE:

                                                               

Magnet	Time Period (T)
1	12 seconds
2	15 seconds

 

CALCULATION:

 

Calculate the magnetic moment (\( M \)) using the formula \( M = \frac{4\pi^2I}{nB(T_1^2 - T_2^2)} \).

 

RESULTS:

 

Compare the calculated magnetic moments (\( M \)) of Magnet 1 and Magnet 2.

 

PRECAUTIONS:

 

   
1. Ensure magnets oscillate freely without any external disturbances.   
2. Accurately measure the time period of oscillation.   
3. Repeat the experiment for improved accuracy. 
4. Maintain a consistent magnetic field during the experiment.