Comparison Of Magnetic Moments Of Two Magnets Using Deflection Magnetometer

APPARATUS REQUIRED: 

• Deflection magnetometer 
• Two bar magnets 
• Compass box 
• Scale 
• Leveling screws 
• Spirit level 
• Weights 
• Thread

THEORY:

The magnetic moments of two magnets can be compared using a deflection magnetometer by the Null Deflection Method. In this method, the magnets are adjusted until the deflection angle is null, and the ratio of their magnetic moments is calculated using the formula \( \frac{M_1}{M_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1} \), where \( M_1 \) and \( M_2 \) are the magnetic moments, and \( d_1 \) and \( d_2 \) are the distances from the center of the magnetometer to the respective magnets.

PROCESS: 

1. Set up the deflection magnetometer with leveling screws and a compass box. 
2. Place the first bar magnet at a certain distance from the center of the magnetometer. 
3. Adjust the second bar magnet until the deflection angle is null. 
4. Measure the distances \( d_1 \) and \( d_2 \). 
5. Calculate the ratio of magnetic moments using \( \frac{M_1}{M_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1} \).
6. Repeat the experiment with different weights attached to the magnets to vary the deflection.

OBSERVATIONS:

Distance to magnet 1 (\( d_1 \)): 20 cm

Distance to magnet 2 (\( d_2 \)): 15 cm

OBSERVATION TABLE:

                                         

Weight (W)	Null Deflection Angle	Distance to Magnet 1 (\( d_1 \))	Distance to Magnet 2 (\( d_2 \))
1 gram	Null	20 cm	15 cm

CALCULATION:

Calculate the ratio of magnetic moments using \( \frac{M_1}{M_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1} \).

RESULTS:

The experiment successfully compares the magnetic moments of the two magnets, with the calculated ratio indicating their relative strengths.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Ensure the magnetometer is properly leveled. 
2. Minimize external magnetic interference. 
3. Record precise measurements of distances and null deflection angles.