Aliphatic Organic Conversions | Grade 12 | Chemistry
1Increase of carbon atom in the parents chain
Methyl alcohol into ethyl alcohol:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{OH} + \text{P}_4 + 12\text{CH}_3\text{OH} + \text{I}_2 \rightarrow 4\text{CH}_3\text{I} \)
\( 4\text{CH}_3\text{I} + \text{KCN} \rightarrow 4\text{CH}_3\text{CN} \)
\( 4\text{CH}_3\text{CN} + \text{H}_2\text{O/H}^+ \rightarrow 4\text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \)
\( 4\text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{LiAlH}_4 \rightarrow 4\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \)
Ethyl alcohol into n-propyl alcohol:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br/Alc. KCN}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{O/H}^+} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} \xrightarrow{\text{LiAlH}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{Propan-1-ol}} \text{Propan-1-ol} \)
Ethyl amine into n-propyl amine:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{NaNO}_2 + \text{HC, ice cold}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \xrightarrow{\text{Alc. KCN}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2/\text{N}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Propan-1-amine}} \text{Propan-1-amine} \)
Ethanal into propanal:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{CHO} \xrightarrow{\text{PBr}_3} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \xrightarrow{\text{Alc. KCN}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2/\text{N}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Propan-1-amine}} \text{Propan-1-amine} \)
Ethyl bromide into n-propyl bromide:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \xrightarrow{\text{Alc. KCN}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \xrightarrow{\text{Dil HCl, CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C(OH)}} \text{H}_2/\text{N, CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{Propanenitrile, Propanoic acid}} \text{Propan-1-ol} \xrightarrow{\text{PBr}_3} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \)
Ethanoic acid into propanoic acid:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \xrightarrow{\text{LiAlH}_4, \text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2OH/CS}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CI} \xrightarrow{\text{Alc. KCN}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \xrightarrow{\text{Ethanol, Chloroethane}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} \xrightarrow{\text{Propanoic acid}} \text{Propanoic acid} \)
Ethane acid into proanoic acid:
\( \text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2CI/ale KCN}} \text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \xrightarrow{\text{Chloroethane, Propanenitrile}} \text{H}_2\text{O/H} \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}} \text{Propanoic acid} \)
Wurtz reaction:
\( \text{R-X} + 2\text{Na} + \text{X-R} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{R-R} + 2\text{NaX} \)
Methane into ethane:
\( \text{CH}_4 \xrightarrow{\text{UV, Na/dry ether}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3 \)
Methane into Chloromethane:
\( \text{CH}_4 \xrightarrow{\text{CHCl/UV}} \text{CH}_3\text{Cl} \)
Ethane into \(\alpha\)-Butane:
\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2CH}_2CH}_2\text{Br/Na, dry ether}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 \)