To Study Permanent Tissue Through Permanent Slide. | Grade Xi

APPARATUS REQUIRED

• Compound microscope.
• Permanent slide of the tissue to be studied.
• Coverslip.
• Lens paper.
• Immersion oil (if required).

THEORY

Permanent tissues are those tissues that do not change their form and function throughout the life of the organism. They are composed of specialized cells that perform specific functions. Permanent tissues are found in all multicellular organisms, including plants and animals.

There are many different types of permanent tissues, each with its own unique structure and function. Some of the most common types of permanent tissues include:

• Epithelial tissue: This tissue lines the surfaces of the body and its cavities. It protects the body from the environment and helps to regulate the passage of materials into and out of the body.
• Connective tissue: This tissue connects and supports other tissues in the body. It also provides a medium for the transport of materials.
• Muscle tissue: This tissue contracts to produce movement.
• Nervous tissue: This tissue transmits information throughout the body.

PROCESS

1. Place the permanent slide on the stage of the microscope.
2. Use the coarse focus knob to bring the tissue into focus.
3. Use the fine focus knob to sharpen the focus.
4. Observe the tissue under low power (10x or 40x objective).
5. Identify the different types of cells that make up the tissue.
6. Note the arrangement of the cells in the tissue.
7. Switch to high power (40x or 100x objective) to get a closer look at the cells.
8. Immerse the objective lens in immersion oil (if required).
9. Observe the cells in more detail.
10. Make a drawing of the tissue.
11. Label the different types of cells in the drawing.

OBSERVATIONS

The observations will vary depending on the type of tissue being studied. However, some general observations that can be made include:

• The cells in permanent tissues are specialized and perform specific functions.
• The cells are arranged in a specific pattern.
• The tissue has a specific structure and function.

OBSERVATION TABLE

Tissue Type	Cell Type	Arrangement	Structure	Function
Epithelial tissue	Squamous, cuboidal, columnar	Simple or stratified	Lines the surfaces of the body and its cavities	Protection, secretion, absorption
Connective tissue	Adipose, bone, cartilage, blood	Loose or dense	Supports and connects other tissues	Insulation, storage, protection, transport
Muscle tissue	Skeletal, smooth, cardiac	Striated or smooth	Contracts to produce movement	Movement
Nervous tissue	Neurons, glial cells	Central or peripheral	Transmits information throughout the body	Communication, coordination, control

 

RESULTS

The results of this experiment will vary depending on the type of tissue being studied. However, some general conclusions that can be drawn include:

• Permanent tissues are composed of specialized cells that perform specific functions.
• The cells are arranged in a specific pattern.
• The tissue has a specific structure and function.

PRECAUTIONS

• When using the microscope, always start with the lowest power objective.
• Never touch the lenses of the microscope with your fingers.
• Always clean the microscope lenses with lens paper.
• Be careful not to drop the microscope.
• Do not immerse the objective lens in immersion oil unless it is specifically designed for that purpose.