To Study Mitosis Cell Division Through Permanent Slide. | Grade Xi

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

• Microscope
• Permanent slide of mitosis cell division
• Coverslip
• Glass slide
• Immersion oil
• Lens paper
• Light source

THEORY:

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It is typically divided into four distinct stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes become visible, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. In anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell. In telophase, two new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes, and the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

PROCESS:

1. Place a drop of immersion oil on the center of a glass slide.
2. Carefully place the permanent slide of mitosis cell division on top of the immersion oil.
3. Use the microscope's coarse and fine focus knobs to bring the cells into focus.
4. Observe the cells under low power (10x objective lens) to get an overview of the different stages of mitosis.
5. Switch to high power (40x objective lens) to get a closer look at the chromosomes.
6. Draw diagrams of the different stages of mitosis that you observe.

OBSERVATIONS:

• In prophase, the chromosomes are visible as long, thin strands. The nuclear envelope is still intact.
• In metaphase, the chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell. The nuclear envelope has broken down.
• In anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell.
• In telophase, two new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Stage of Mitosis	Description
Prophase	Chromosomes visible as long, thin strands. Nuclear envelope intact.
Metaphase	Chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell. Nuclear envelope broken down.
Anaphase	Chromosomes pulled apart by spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase	Two new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes. Cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

 

RESULTS:

The observations from the permanent slide of mitosis cell division show that mitosis is a continuous process that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.