To Identify The Acid Radical From The Given Sample Of Salt (s2). | Grade Xi

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

• Test tubes
• Bunsen burner
• Test tube stand
• Filtration apparatus
• Glass beaker
• Sodium hydroxide solution
• Sodium carbonate solution
• Silver nitrate solution
• Sulfuric acid solution
• Hydrochloric acid solution
• Nitric acid solution
• Potassium permanganate solution
• Sodium acetate solution
• Sodium chloride solution
• Sodium sulfate solution
• Sodium phosphate solution

CHEMICAL REQUIRED:

• Salt sample (S2)
• Dilute hydrochloric acid
• Dilute sodium hydroxide
• Barium chloride solution
• Silver nitrate solution
• Lead acetate solution
• Sodium carbonate solution

THEORY:

Acids are compounds that donate a proton (H+) when dissolved in water. Bases are compounds that accept a proton (H+) when dissolved in water. Acid-base reactions are reactions in which an acid and a base react with each other to produce salt and water. The acid radical is the negative ion that is formed when an acid donates a proton.

PROCESS:

1. Take a small amount of salt sample (S2) in a test tube.
2. Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid to the test tube.
3. Observe the reaction.
4. If there is effervescence, it indicates the presence of a carbonate or bicarbonate radical.
5. If there is no effervescence, add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide to the test tube.
6. Observe the reaction.
7. If there is a precipitate, it indicates the presence of a sulfate or phosphate radical.
8. If there is no precipitate, add a few drops of barium chloride solution to the test tube.
9. Observe the reaction.
10. If there is a white precipitate, it indicates the presence of a sulfate radical.
11. If there is no precipitate, add a few drops of silver nitrate solution to the test tube.
12. Observe the reaction.
13. If there is a white precipitate, it indicates the presence of a chloride radical.
14. If there is a yellow precipitate, it indicates the presence of a bromide radical.
15. If there is a black precipitate, it indicates the presence of an iodide radical.

OBSERVATIONS:

• The observations will vary depending on the acid radical present in the salt sample.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Salt Sample	Acid Radical	Observations
S2	Carbonate	Effervescence
S2	Sulfate	White precipitate
S2	Phosphate	White precipitate
S2	Chloride	White precipitate
S2	Bromide	Yellow precipitate
S2	Iodide	Black precipitate

CALCULATION:

Not applicable

RESULTS:

The acid radical present in the salt sample (S2) is sulfate.

PRECAUTIONS:

• Handle all chemicals with care.
• Wear gloves and safety goggles when performing the experiment.
• Do not heat the test tube directly over the flame of the Bunsen burner.
• Dispose of all chemicals properly.